The former player: 'I really wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece contains details of discriminatory comments and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell states that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what occurred," he told media outlets.
"I really hoped to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to just accept the fate and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but stated it could not gather sufficient proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has in-person education on creating inclusive environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the film, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed both on the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to share their story then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident others will become about sharing their own stories as well.
"I grab the challenge by the horns and keep bearing this banner and keep carrying this weight and do what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022